Sensitivity and specificity in medicine is usually used in the context of testing as compared to the true result from the test and was first introduced in 1947. The graphic from Wikipedia illustrates it well. Sensitivity is the probability of a positive test result when the test is done on a true positive case Specificity…
When there are multiple biomarkers in a therapeutic study, how do you prioritize which one to use. One possibility is to use specific criteria. The easiest one of them is to select one that gives you the best signal/noise. A strong signal for your efficacy marker will enable you to detect small changes in the…
A term that was created in 2010 called “liquid biopsy” became the standard for much of the screening of cancer that is done using blood to check for cancer cells though the NCI definition is specific for cancer and used to include its applications in detecting cancer and determining therapeutic efficacy : https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/liquid-biopsy The first…
PET is used in drug discovery: PET in patient selection Process: Cyclotron is used, chemistry and formulation and then imaging and analysis. PET Takes time to make the probe: 20 mins to make the probe For brain usually short half life is used – Carbon 11 – 20 minutes, Fluorine 18 109 minutes, Nitrogen 13…
Development is complex: Usually are highly cancer specific, high persistent expression throughout the tumor and metastasis, readily accessible on the cell surface, not shed and thoroughly validated. Many isotopes are possible and many targets possible such as Nectin4, DLL3, FAP, Somatostatin receptors, PSMA, Integrins, CXCR4, Claudin 18.2, Norepinephrine transporter, EGFR2. Clearance from tumor will matter…
Relaxin is a 6kd 2 chain peptide hormone produced by ovary and placenta in females tha help remodel connective tissue but also promotes vasodilation and has cardioprotective and renoprotective effects in animal model via Nitric oxide pathway. Relaxin-2 signaling via GPCR RXFP1 has been investigated as a drug for its antifibrotic and vasodilatory actions. RXFP1…
Small Biotechs: Diagonal Tx: Clustering antibodies that mimic the action of the ligand and bypass the need for the ligand and receptor. This mutation that is created makes standard AI models not useful and so need a new method. This restores new ALK1 signaling in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia. It also treates LoF mutations in ALK1…
It is amazing how good genetic sequencing is getting these days and reasonable enough to get 30x whole genome sequence that enables detailed analysis for a variety of conditions. The costs are so low that it is now possible for almost everyone to do it and also analyze the data. One provider with a catchy…
NF1 – major optic glioama Half of them will be affected and others not. The eye is affected even though glioma’s are not life threatening. The tumor and eye will not be matched in some cases. Visual acuity – Vision develops in childhood – they do not see 20/20 till they are 6 years old….
This is an approach to design polymers that recognize materials which may be of biological origin. Their advantage is their high selectivity and affinity for the target molecule. The high level view of the process to create such a polymer is relatively simple though the devil may be in the details. In the presence of…
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