Disease

  • Treatment of TB

    Byscientist

    Tuberculosis (TB) is the no 1 infectious disease killer all over the world but there has not been much development in new therapeutics till recently. There are 2 ways to address TB. Vaccine and therapeutics. The current vaccine for TB has been BCG which is not very effective in adults is still useful in children…

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    Mesoscale explorer

    Byscientist

    Sometimes it is hard to imagine how many molecules are involved in a common biological pathway but there are thousands of molecules that orchestrate their chemical reactions to sustain life. One such area is the synaptic gap where messages are passed between neurons. This is a very active space where vesicle with messengers cross the…

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    Neurological conditions

    Byscientist

    There has been changes in the neurological conditions overtime, and you might expect that many of the changes may have increased such as all the neurological disorders like Parkinson’s Alzheimer’s, but the true facts are a little different. For example, as expected, the diabetic neuropathy has increased, But what explains the increase in neonatal sepsis…

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    Open source protein models

    Byscientist

    A company called Profluent (profluent.bio) has been developing protein models that can be used for designing new proteins (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41587-022-01618-2), modeling of new CRISPR-Cas sequences (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09298-z) and developing LLM for protein generation (https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.12.688125v1.article-info). What is amazing is that they have open sourced all their models and Profluent-E1 is available in GitHub to download and use. (https://github.com/Profluent-AI/E1)…

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    Adeno associated virus

    Byscientist

    Adeno associated virus (AAV) has been one of major interests for gene therapy. AAV was discovered in 1965 as a contaminant of adeno virus and hence the name. It is 22nm and low pathogenicity because no polymerase and cannot replicate till there is co-infector. Genome map is 4.7kb. 145 nucleotides inverted terminal repeats at both…

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    Premature ventricular complex

    Byscientist

    PVC Cardiac cycle – Periventricular – Contraction. depolarization. How common are PVC in population. 2-5% number of people had extra beats. Smoe like said 20% Myocyte action potential is complicated Why do PVC occur: Beat occurs little early because: PVC come in different ECG patterns Bigeminy – every other beat Trigenmy every third beat Non…

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    Sequencing

    Byscientist

    It is amazing how good genetic sequencing is getting these days and reasonable enough to get 30x whole genome sequence that enables detailed analysis for a variety of conditions. The costs are so low that it is now possible for almost everyone to do it and also analyze the data. One provider with a catchy…

  • Denervation for hypertension

    Byscientist

    Most patients have blood pressure – about 50% have high BP. 100M people have it. Secondary hypertension ( causes which are not primary genetic etc) sleep apnea hyperthyroidism hyperaldosteronism Coartation of arota (pinching of artery) Renal artery stenosis (plaque in kidney artery). Kidney wants blood pressure and hence they sometimes can cause high blood pressure)…

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    ALS and TDP43

    Byscientist

    Almost 90% of ALS is thought to be sporadic. The reasons are not well understood and thought to be oxidative stress, damaged endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, cytoskeleton or misregulation of RNA pathways. One protein implicated is TDP43 which sits as a junction of ALS pathogenic path by binding to RNA modulation synthesis, splicing, stability and transport….