Just some highlights to remember 50% of world population is thought to be obesity and thought to be a master switch for a variety of disorders such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, liver disease and kidney. 30-40% of Diabetics develop chronic kidney diseases and presence of albuminuria raises risk. 38% of adults have MASH with very…
Sleep apnea is when sufferer stops breathing (apnea) at night as the muscles in the throat relax and then resumes when brain semi-awakes when the oxygen supply gets low to restore respiration. This happens tens to hundreds of times at night and can be debilitating when the disruption to sleep causes other health effects such…
There are many tools for generating new molecules needed for new drugs. Some are open source and other’s are made by companies as paid subscriptions or paid collaborations. These AI tools help in docking of a new chemical entity to the protein of interest, or they can also help in designing the chemical compound, DNA/RNA…
Schizophrenia is mental disorder characterized by problems in thinking, perception, emotions and behavior. It requires long term medication to manage symptoms. There are many drugs in the market to treat schizophrenia: Antipsychotics: These block the dopamine D2 receptor, though with side effects such as tremors and tardive dyskinesia. The Atypical antipsychotics affect both the dopamine…
Etoposide : This is used in chemotherapy to prevent cell division and works by causing mutation in the dividing cell since cancer cells divide more rapidly than a normal cell. It works by binding to the DNA-Topoisomerase complex which causes transient double stranded breaks to help uncoil DNA during cell division. In normal cells, the…
Drug delivery to the human body is complicated business. It seems to the average consumer that they only have to take the pill and the API (Active pharmaceutical ingredient) magically does the work in the body. However, things are complicated when the API is not soluble. Drug delivery scientists spend significant amounts of time to…
Natural products have an interesting story. The story of Taxol or Paclitaxel is interesting from its discovery as a natural product extracted from the bark tree to use as a cancer therapeutic. This compound came out of a screening effort in 1962 and it took until 2001 to become the highest selling cancer therapeutic. Now,…
FDA just accepted an IND from Voyageur therapeutics for Parkinson’s disease. This trial essentially adds a gene for an enzyme that Aromatic L Amino acid Decarboxylase (AADC) that catalyzes the conversion of levodopa to dopamine. This is added to the putamen (brain) and adds the adeno associated virus that would carry the gene. It is…
Medicinal chemists have been using fluorine as a Hydrogen substitute in drug discovery for a long time. It has been used in drug discovery to the extent that nearly 25% of the drugs today including some of the block busters have fluorine in them; like Prozac, Lipitor and Pervacid. Why do chemists use it? As…
An interesting concept is that typically enzymes have been thought of as proteins that have catalytic properties. However, it would be very useful to have catalyst that is not damaged by heat, pH or other proteins that affect a typical protein. A science that is evolving is to create these novel materials that are different…
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