Biology

  • Polyphenols

    Byscientist

    Polyphenols are a large family of naturally occurring compounds found in plants with two or more aromatic rings bearing one or more OH groups. They are divided into four main subclasses: Flavonoids : Quercetin (onions), catechin (tea), anthocyanins and kaempferol (Onions, berries, tea, dark chocolate) Phenolic acids: Caffeic acid, ferulic acid, ellagic acid, chlorogenic acid…

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    Obesity facts

    Byscientist

    Just some highlights to remember 50% of world population is thought to be obesity and thought to be a master switch for a variety of disorders such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, liver disease and kidney. 30-40% of Diabetics develop chronic kidney diseases and presence of albuminuria raises risk. 38% of adults have MASH with very…

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    Sleep apnea

    Byscientist

    Sleep apnea is when sufferer stops breathing (apnea) at night as the muscles in the throat relax and then resumes when brain semi-awakes when the oxygen supply gets low to restore respiration. This happens tens to hundreds of times at night and can be debilitating when the disruption to sleep causes other health effects such…

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    Schizophrenia drugs

    Byscientist

    Schizophrenia is mental disorder characterized by problems in thinking, perception, emotions and behavior. It requires long term medication to manage symptoms. There are many drugs in the market to treat schizophrenia: Antipsychotics: These block the dopamine D2 receptor, though with side effects such as tremors and tardive dyskinesia. The Atypical antipsychotics affect both the dopamine…

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    Reinforcement learning

    Byscientist

    Reinforcement learning is a method that drives learning and memory in primitive species such as birds, humans and other living species to its use in machine learning. It is used to influence the behavior of us humans on social media to its use to train machines. The essential components were initiated by BF Skinner 20th…

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    Alzhiemer’s psychosis

    Byscientist

    Alzheimer’s psychosis is distinct from the slow progression of Alzheimer’s and indicates a more severe phenotype in which cognitive decline starts even before psychosis onset. It is thought to originate/localized in neocortex rather than medial temporal lobe. There is currently only one drug that targets Alzheimer’s psychosis. It is called Rexulti (Brexipipazole). It is specifically…

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    Muscarinic drugs and receptors

    Byscientist

    There are many G-protein coupled receptors and one of the major categories for neurological drug development are called muscarinic receptors because they were first known to be activated by a mushroom alkaloid called muscarine. The isolation and characterization of muscarine was first reported by chemists in 1869! Muscarine works by mimicking the neurotransmitter acteylcholine on…

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    Green caviar

    Byscientist

    Green caviar Near Okinawa in japan, which in known for people who live longer than many other people a unique food is eaten. These are small orbs that look like grapes and are eaten raw. They are actually a species of seaweed. This is know as green caviar and is eaten on top of almost…