Biology

  • Chromosome transfer

    Byscientist

    It is possible to transfer DNA from one cell to another but usually this is done by transfer of small regions of DNA and their transfer. However, larger pieces can be transferred as whole chromosomes that would add significant amount of DNA material. There are several steps involved such as creation of large sequences and…

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    Relaxin

    Byscientist

    Relaxin is a 6kd 2 chain peptide hormone produced by ovary and placenta in females tha help remodel connective tissue but also promotes vasodilation and has cardioprotective and renoprotective effects in animal model via Nitric oxide pathway. Relaxin-2 signaling via GPCR RXFP1 has been investigated as a drug for its antifibrotic and vasodilatory actions. RXFP1…

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    Mesoscale explorer

    Byscientist

    Sometimes it is hard to imagine how many molecules are involved in a common biological pathway but there are thousands of molecules that orchestrate their chemical reactions to sustain life. One such area is the synaptic gap where messages are passed between neurons. This is a very active space where vesicle with messengers cross the…

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    Neurological conditions

    Byscientist

    There has been changes in the neurological conditions overtime, and you might expect that many of the changes may have increased such as all the neurological disorders like Parkinson’s Alzheimer’s, but the true facts are a little different. For example, as expected, the diabetic neuropathy has increased, But what explains the increase in neonatal sepsis…

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    AI for drug discovery

    Byscientist

    There are many companies that promise AI for drug discovery such as ChatGPT from OpenAI, Anthropic’s AI suite and Perplexity and there are more companies coming up too. One specific company that is unusual is that it seems to be promising much more deeper understanding of the drug discovery pathways then the others. It can…

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    Functional prediction of microbial sequences

    Byscientist

    Even with E.coli and M.tuberculosis we only know ½ of them. Can you use ML model to define function: as natural language, or molecular interaction or chemical reaction. Function as molecular interaction: protein – protein interaction. Genomics: Learn association between genes (just like words). It is called gLM2. A multi-modal single residue resolution gLM. GLM2…

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    Virtual cell

    Byscientist

    Hani Goodrazi – Arc institute has been working on virtual cell. Drugs fail due to overfit experimental models, You need screen drugs with better models of human biology. Geneva is platfrom that brings tumor models into perturbation model – that is a transcriptomics assay that deconvolves into effect. Take multiple cell line and then treat…

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    Adeno associated virus

    Byscientist

    Adeno associated virus (AAV) has been one of major interests for gene therapy. AAV was discovered in 1965 as a contaminant of adeno virus and hence the name. It is 22nm and low pathogenicity because no polymerase and cannot replicate till there is co-infector. Genome map is 4.7kb. 145 nucleotides inverted terminal repeats at both…